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U.N. Page...
This is Another... Basic Document...
That can be used as a guide...
For Community Centers and Volunteers.
UNITED NATIONS
Universal, Declaration of Human
Rights...
written in 1948
On December 10,
1948, the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted and proclaimed the
Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the full text of which appears as
follows.
Following this historic act the
Assembly called upon all member countries to publicize the text of the
Declaration and "to cause it to be disseminated,
displayed, read and
expounded principally in schools and other educational institutions, without
distinction based on the political status of countries or territories. "
Preamble:
Whereas
recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable right of
all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace
in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for
human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience
of mankind,
and the advent of a world in which
human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and
want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is
essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to
rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected
by the rule of law,
Whereas it is
essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations,
Whereas the peoples of the United
Nations have in the Charter reaffirmed their faith in fundamental human rights,
in the dignity and worth of the human person
and in the equal rights of men and
women and have determined to promote social progress and better standards of
life in larger freedoms,
Whereas Member
States have pledged themselves to achieve, in cooperation with the United
Nations, the promotion of universal respect for the observance of human rights
and fundamental freedoms,
Whereas a common
understanding of these rights and freedoms is of the greatest importance for the
full realization of this pledge.
Now, Therefore,
The General Assembly proclaims: the peoples of Member this...
UNIVERSAL
DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS...
as a common standard of achievement
for all peoples and of all nations, to the end that every individual and every
organ of society, keeping this Declaration constantly in mind,
shall strive by teaching and
education to promote respect for all of these rights and freedoms and by
progressive measures, national and international,
to secure their universal and
effective recognition and observance, both among States themselves and among the
peoples of territories under their jurisdiction.
Article 1. All
human beings are born free and equal with dignity and rights. They are endowed
with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in the spirit of
brotherhood.
Article 2. Everyone is
entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without
distinction of any kind,
each as race, color, sex, language,
religion, political and other opinion, national or social origin, property,
birth or other status.
Furthermore, no distinction shall be
made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of
the country or territory to which the person belongs,
whether it be independent, trust,
non-self-governing and under any other limitation of sovereignty:
Article 3.
Everyone has the right to life, liberty and the security of person.
Article 4. No one
shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be
prohibited in all their forms.
Article 5. No one
shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or
punishment.
Article 6.
Everyone has the right to recognition everywhere as a person before the law.
Article 7. All are equal
before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection
of the law.
All are entitled to equal protection
against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any
incitement to such discrimination.
Article 8.
Everyone has a right to an effective remedy by the competent national tribunals
for acts violating the fundamental rights granted him by the constitution or by
law.
Article 9. No one
shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.
Article 10.
Everyone is entitled to full equality to a fair and public hearing by an
independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his rights and
obligations and of any criminal charge against him.
Article 11. (1) Everyone
charged with a penal offense has the right to be presumed innocent until proven
guilty according to the law in a public trial
at which he has had all the
guarantees necessary for his defense.
(2) No one shall be held guilty of
any penal offense on account of any act or omission which did not constitute a
penal offense, under national or international law, at any time when it was
committed.
Nor shall a heavier penalty be
imposed than the one that was applicable at the time the penal offense was
committed.
Article 12. No one shall be
subjected to arbitrary interference with his privacy, family, home or
correspondence, nor to attacks upon his honor and reputation.
Everyone has the right to the
protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
Article 13. (1) Everyone
has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each
state.
(2) Everyone has the right to
leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.
Article 14. (1) Everyone has
the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.
(2) This right may not be invoked in
the case of prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes or from
acts contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations.
Article 15. (1) Everyone has
the right to a nationality.
(2) No one should be arbitrarily
deprived of his nationality nor denied the right to change his nationality.
Article 16. (1) Men and women
of full age, without any limitation due to race, nationality or religion, have
the right to marry and to found a family.
They are entitled to equal rights as
to marriage, during marriage and at its dissolution.
(2) Marriage should be entered into
only with the free and full consent of the intending spouses.
(3) The family is the natural and
fundamental group unit of society and is entitled to protection by society and
the State.
Article 17. (1) Everyone has
the right to own property alone as well as in association with others.
(2) No one shall be arbitrarily
deprived of his property.
Article 18. Everyone has the
right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes
freedoms to change his religion or belief, and freedom,
either alone or in
community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or
belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance.
Article 19. Everyone has the
right to freedom of opinion and expression;
this right includes freedom to hold
opinions with interference and to seek, receive and impart information and ideas
through any media and regardless of frontiers.
Article 20. (1) Everyone has
the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through
freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right to equal
access to public service in his country.
Article 21. (1) Everyone has
the right to take part in the government of his country, directly or through
freely chosen representatives.
(2) Everyone has the right to equal
access to public service in his country.
(3) The will of the people shall be
the basis of the authority of government; this will shall be expressed in
periodic and genuine elections which shall be by universal and equal suffrage
and shall be held by secret vote or by equivalent free voting procedures.
Article 22. Everyone, as a
member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to
realization, through national effort and international cooperation and resources
of each State,
of the economic, social and cultural
rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his
personality.
Article 23. (1) Everyone
has the right to work, to free choice of employment, to just and favorable
conditions of work and to protection against unemployment.
(2) Everyone, without
discrimination, has the right to equal pay for equal work.
(3) Everyone who works has the
right to just and favorable remuneration ensuring for himself and for his family
an existence worthy of human dignity, and supplemented, if necessary, by other
means of social protection.
(4) Everyone has the right to form
and to join trade unions for the protection of interests.
Article 24. Everyone has the
right to rest and leisure, including reasonable limitation of working hours and
periodic holidays with pay.
Article 25. (1) Everyone has
the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of
himself and his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and
necessary social services,
and the right to security in the
event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of
livelihood circumstances beyond his control.
(2) Motherhood and childhood are
entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of
wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.
Article 26. (1) Everyone has
the right to education. Education shall be free, at least in the elementary and
fundamental stages. Elementary education shall be compulsory.
Technical and professional education
shall be made generally available and higher education shall be equally
accessible to all on the basis of merit.
(2) Education shall be directed to
the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of
respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms.
It shall promote understanding,
tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups, and
shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.
(3) Parents have a prior right to
choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children.
Article 27. (1) Everyone has
the right freely to participate in the cultural life of the community, to enjoy
the arts and to share in the scientific advancement and its benefits.
(2) Everyone has the right to the
protection of the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific,
literary or artistic production of which he is the author.
Article 28. Everyone is
entitled to a social and international order in which the rights and freedoms
set forth in this Declaration can be fully realized.
Article 29. (I) Everyone has
duties to the community in which alone the free and full development of his
personality is possible.
(2) In the exercise of his rights and
freedoms, everyone shall be subject only to such limitations as are determined
by law
solely for the purpose of securing
due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others and of meeting
the just requirements of morality, public order and the general welfare in a
democratic society.
(3) These rights and freedoms may in
no case be exercised contrary to the purposes and principles of the
UN
Article 30. Nothing in this
Declaration may be interpreted as implying for any State, group or person any
right to engage in any activity
or to perform any act aimed at the
destruction of any of the rights, freedoms set forth herein.
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